eu
European Union
GDPR remains the benchmark comprehensive privacy regime across the European Union.
Editorial caveat
Structured values summarize official materials for research and planning. They are reviewed by humans before publication and should not be treated as legal advice.
high confidence, Flagship benchmark jurisdiction with mature structured coverage. Continue maintaining transfer and enforcement nuance.
Breach
- Breach deadline (hours)
- 72
- Breach notification required
- Yes
Marketing
- Cookie consent rule
- Consent is generally required for non-essential cookies under ePrivacy rules.
Transfers
- Cross-border transfer restricted
- Yes
- Data localization required
- No
Governance
- DPO required
- Yes
- Impact assessment required
- Yes
- Records of processing required
- Yes
Identity
- Effective date
- 2018-05-25
- Effective status
- in-force
- Last amended
- 2023-05-11
- Law status
- active
Scope
- Extraterritorial application
- Yes
- Private sector coverage
- Yes
- Public sector coverage
- Yes
- Territorial scope
- Applies across EU member states and to controllers/processors targeting individuals in the EU.
Legal Basis
- Legal bases
- consent, contract, legal obligation, vital interests, public task, legitimate interests
- Requires legal basis
- Yes
Enforcement
- Maximum fine
- Up to €20 million or 4% of worldwide annual turnover.
- Private right of action
- No
- Regulator or enforcement authority summary
- Member State supervisory authorities and EDPB
Definitions
- Personal data definition
- Any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person.
- Sensitive data recognized
- Yes
Rights
- Right of access
- Yes
- Right to appeal
- Yes
- Right to deletion
- Yes
- Right to object
- Yes
- Right to portability
- Yes
- Right to erasure or delete summary
- Erasure right with exceptions
- Right to rectification or correction summary
- Rectification right
Official sources
- European Data Protection Board guidance hubSecondary official material • en • html
- EUR-Lex consolidated GDPR textPrimary official law • en • html